Cannabinoids are the chemical compounds that make the cannabis plant so special. Over a hundred different ones are known – the most famous being THC and CBD. They bind to their own system in the body and are responsible for most of cannabis' effects.
What exactly are cannabinoids?
Cannabinoids are a group of molecules primarily produced in the trichomes of the cannabis flower. There are three types: Phytocannabinoids (from the plant, e.g., THC), Endocannabinoids (produced by the body itself), and synthetic cannabinoids (produced in the lab). When "cannabinoids" are referred to in everyday language, it usually means the plant-derived ones.
How do cannabinoids work in the body?
The key is the Endocannabinoid System – a network of receptors involved in many bodily processes. Two main receptors are known: CB1 (primarily in the nervous system) and CB2 (more in the immune system). Cannabinoids fit into these receptors like keys into locks, triggering various effects. THC binds strongly to CB1 – hence its psychoactive effect. CBD works differently and is not intoxicating.
The most important cannabinoids
- THC – the best-known, psychoactive cannabinoid.
- CBD – non-intoxicating, widely researched.
- CBG – the "mother" of many cannabinoids.
- CBN – formed from THC as it ages.
- THCA – the inactive precursor to THC.
Cannabinoids and Terpenes
Cannabinoids don't work alone. Together with terpenes – the aromatic compounds – they shape the overall experience of a strain. This interaction is called the Entourage Effect. This is why two strains with similar THC content often feel completely different.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many cannabinoids are there?
Over a hundred have been identified so far, but only a few are well-researched. THC and CBD are clearly in focus.
Are all cannabinoids intoxicating?
No. Only a few – primarily THC – are psychoactive. CBD, CBG, and many others do not make you "high".
What is the Endocannabinoid System?
An endogenous receptor network that cannabinoids bind to. It is involved in many processes and is the subject of ongoing research.
Does the body produce its own cannabinoids?
Yes, so-called endocannabinoids. They are part of normal body chemistry.
What is the difference between cannabinoids and terpenes?
Cannabinoids are the active compounds, terpenes are the aromatic compounds. Together, both define the character of a strain.
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Kick hole with rubber stopper
CBG (Cannabigerol)