Germination

Germination refers to the moment when a dormant seed transforms into a living plant. The seed absorbs water, swells, and the seed coat breaks open. The first thing to emerge is the radicle (also called the taproot) – a sure sign that germination has been successful. Only then does the shoot grow upwards. Germination is thus the very first and also the most delicate stage in a plant's life cycle.

Germination Process

Initially, the seed is dry and inactive. When moisture is added, the biological process begins: water penetrates the seed, activating enzymes and awakening the embryo. Within a few days, the radicle breaks through the seed coat. As soon as it is a few millimeters long, the seedling is carefully placed in a growing medium – with the root pointing downwards. Shortly thereafter, the sprout breaks through the surface and opens the first two cotyledons.

Common approaches include germinating between damp paper towels, in a glass of water, or directly in the substrate. What they all have in common is that it's about moisture, warmth, and patience – not nutrients. A seed carries its own initial supply.

What Influences Germination

Three factors determine success or failure. Warmth: Most seeds germinate reliably at around 22 to 25 °C. Moisture: consistently moist, but not soaking wet – too much water can cause seeds to rot. Darkness: Germination occurs without light; only the sprout then seeks light. The quality and age of the seed also play a role: Fresh, well-stored seeds germinate much more readily than old ones.

After germination, the next stage follows – the transition to a seedling. An overview of all cultivation terms can be found in our lexicon.

Frequently Asked Questions About Germination

How long does germination take?

Typically 2 to 7 days. Under good conditions, the radicle often appears after just 48 to 72 hours. Older seeds sometimes take longer.

How do I recognize successful germination?

By the white radicle emerging from the seed. It is the first visible sign of life – even before green leaves appear.

Does a seed need fertilizer to germinate?

No. The seed carries its initial provisions within itself. Nutrients become relevant later, not during the germination phase.